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Dividing every impedance by the line's characteristic impedance makes values dimensionless so a normalized value of one always denotes a perfect match, which lets the same Smith Chart be used regardless of the actual Z0.
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See all →Large amounts of moondust raining through the atmosphere would convert kinetic energy into heat—potentially heating and even boiling surface waters—while persistent ring shadows and volcanic/meteoric aerosols would reflect sunlight and trigger rapid cooling, so the net climate effect depends on the balance and timing of heating versus sunlight blockage.
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