A peer culture left to self-organize inside a custodial institution can become barbaric and punishing.

Teenage unhappiness largely comes from adults abandoning economically unnecessary adolescents in…

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If teenage misery is physiological, it should be universal. Are Mongol nomads all nihilists?

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Some children are trained to find correct answers. Others are trained to please people.

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School cruelty and boredom share a root: institutions without meaningful purposes force students…

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Bullies often do not hate their target. They need someone the group can chase together.

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When schools lack meaningful purpose, students create hierarchies through popularity and social…

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Should smart children join mainstream peers? Nonconformity may reflect the group’s irrationality,…

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Misrule breeds rebellion, but authorities often blame drugs instead of confronting school life's…

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