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Agents leave notes because models forget
Notes as memory
A model has to be put inside a harness that supplies context and memory. When an agent performs a task, observes what happened, and takes that knowledge into the next iteration of the loop, it writes up a simple text file or note and shares it. Those notes are the log files of what the agent did.
Swarms of agents
Agents also work as swarms rather than as a single bot. Each agent specializes in a task, which builds context around that task and in theory does it better, and a chief of staff bot supervises all of them. That is becoming a normal architecture, so one person's setup on a Mac Mini is a swarm of agents.
Unexpected behavior
Agents can behave unexpectedly the way any software does. A bug is code behaving in an unexpected way: it compiled and shipped, yet it acted in a way its authors did not intend.
Why do models forget between runs?
A model's learned knowledge is fixed in its weights during training, and nothing from a conversation changes those weights afterward. Each request starts fresh, and the only information the model sees is the text placed in its context window. Anything it should remember must be written into that text again. Context windows have grown from 2,048 tokens in GPT-3 to a million tokens in Google's Gemini 1.5 in 2024.
Why split work across many agents?
Giving each agent a narrow job keeps its context small and focused, so it is less likely to lose track of details. In 2025, Anthropic reported that a multi-agent research system, with a lead agent directing subagents, outperformed a single agent by 90.2 percent on its internal research evaluation. The company also reported that agents use about four times more tokens than chats, and multi-agent systems about 15 times more.
Where did the word bug come from?
Engineers were calling mechanical glitches bugs by the 1870s, and Thomas Edison used the word in a letter in 1878. In 1947, operators of the Harvard Mark II computer found a moth stuck in a relay and taped it into the logbook. The entry joked that it was the first actual case of a bug being found.
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