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The founders of the labs and companies like SpaceX act as lords who can create land and gentry by giving out allocations. The recipient receives an arbitrary number, knows they don't have the money, and goes out to fill it. Then they take it to a sovereign or a foundation, which pays for the access. It is like the king handing over 500 acres and the holder charging rent.

It differs from brokering, which is a one-time transaction. These allocations live on forever, and the fees live on with them.

The terms can be extreme: no commitment from the manager, a 10 percent one-time upfront fee on top of a carry structure, and in some cases no term limit. Investors who got in early are glad to keep paying 2 percent on a SpaceX position from 15 years ago, so it works for both sides. It is not strictly investing and not strictly brokering. It is an insider access game, a purely relational and wholly synthetic product that may never have existed at this scale.

How did feudal land grants actually work?

In medieval Europe, a lord granted a fief, a piece of land, to a vassal in return for loyalty and military service. The vassal could then grant parts of it to others who owed him service, a process historians call subinfeudation. The people who farmed the land paid rent in money, labor, or crops to whoever held it. Grants often passed down within families for generations.

Why can't ordinary investors buy private company shares?

In the United States, shares in private companies are usually sold under exemptions in SEC Regulation D, which limit offerings mostly to accredited investors. Companies also commonly restrict transfers in their charters and hold a right of first refusal on any sale. These rules mean outside buyers often need an arranged route to a stake. That is the space where pooled vehicles set up for a single company operate.

More from Invest Like the Best with Patrick O'Shaughnessy

Business & StartupsSoftware sold copies of a stringSoftware earned its famous margins because the marginal copy of a string costs close to nothing. Selling compute breaks that, since the work has to be done again every time.
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