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Confidence means trusting you'll cope
Confidence in coping
Psychologist Albert Bandura developed the concept, and it makes no promise that bad things will stay away. Its confidence rests on the person someone will become, whatever the future brings, so peace does not depend on the future going the way they hope.
Evidence from the past
The material for it is specific memories. Think of a moment once dreaded that is now part of the past. At the time there may have been no idea what to say or how to recover, and the answers arrived during the living of it: resources that couldn't be seen in advance, support that turned out to be available, and decisions made as new information came in.
Capability over certainty
The past proves that difficulty does not require every solution to be in hand before it begins. That moves the question from how to become more certain to how to become more capable. Certainty can't be guaranteed, but capability can be built every day. Nobody can guarantee against losing a job or having a heart broken, and adapting and healing are skills that grow.
Where does self-efficacy come from?
Albert Bandura laid out the theory in a 1977 paper in Psychological Review. He named four sources: mastery experiences, vicarious experiences from watching others succeed, verbal persuasion, and physiological and emotional states. Bandura regarded mastery experiences as the most powerful of the four.
How did Bandura test self-efficacy?
In the 1970s, Bandura and colleagues studied adults with severe snake phobias. Participants who were guided step by step through handling a snake lost their fear, and their confidence in their own ability rose alongside it. Bandura found that their self-rated confidence for each task predicted which tasks they went on to attempt.
Does self-efficacy predict real performance?
Alexander Stajkovic and Fred Luthans published a 1998 meta-analysis in Psychological Bulletin that covered 114 studies. They found an average correlation of 0.38 between self-efficacy and work-related performance. The relationship was stronger for simple tasks than for complex ones.
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