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The last column left draped in black
Months of recovery
The recovery had run from September 11 through that day. The crews lived through treacherous conditions, searched for people they knew and people they didn't, and were helped by people from all the buildings and trades, every agency of the city, the state, and the federal government, and people from around the world.
What came off the site
In that time, 1.8 million tons of debris came off the site. The people the crews could find had been removed too, and what was left was an empty bathtub, the seven-story pit that held the Trade Center.
Teaching 9/11
Elizabeth Hillman, president and CEO of the 9/11 Memorial and Museum, would begin teaching 9/11 at this moment. Anyone who sees the respect the column was given, and everyone working together, starts to understand how the site got to that point. That builds the respect and curiosity needed to learn what happened.
Where did the debris from the site go?
Trucks and barges carried much of the debris to the Fresh Kills landfill on Staten Island, which had closed to regular trash in March 2001. Investigators set up a sifting operation there, where workers screened the material for human remains, personal belongings, and evidence. Material went through machines and was then picked over by hand. The recovery work at Fresh Kills continued into the summer of 2002.
How did the pit hold back the Hudson?
The original builders dug the foundation seven stories down and ringed it with a slurry wall, a concrete barrier built in a trench to hold back groundwater and the nearby Hudson River. In this method, the trench is dug while filled with a heavy clay mixture that keeps the sides from caving in. Steel reinforcement cages are lowered into the trench, and concrete is pumped in to push the mixture out. After the towers fell, the wall held, which kept the river from flooding the site. A section of the wall remains exposed in the museum.
Why is Amazing Grace played at these ceremonies?
The hymn was written by John Newton, an English clergyman, and published in 1779. Bagpipe versions became a standard at police and fire funerals in the United States, where pipe bands had long played at memorial services. A recording by the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards reached number one on the UK singles chart in 1972 and helped make the piping version familiar worldwide.
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