Invisible ecological connections are real, powerful, and crucial to the well-being of forests and people.

When an understory Douglas fir is shaded, a birch tree can send it about 10 percent of its carbon.

@nature

Mother trees recognize kin and send more carbon to related seedlings, especially when the mother…

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Scientists found traces of salmon-derived nitrogen preserved in tree rings for centuries.

@nature

Shared fungal networks act like a public immunization system, with birch-associated bacteria…

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When Douglas fir faces stress or disease, it sends warning signals that help neighboring trees…

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Salmon nourish forests, forests support rivers, and rivers feed a cycle connecting salmon, oceans,…

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Invisible human connections can sustain people through severe illness, just as forest networks…

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Carbon moving through fungal networks increases understory seedlings’ survival, growth, and health.

@nature