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The world in the brain

Physics suggests that the world keeps going and a person gets plucked out of it at death, while everything else carries on. Neuroscience suggests that everything a person experiences is built from stuff in the brain.

A shrinking world

With age, little things drop out. Various people die, abilities fade, and the world shrinks, until all of it is gone. On this view a couple of decades remain before everything goes.

A lifeline in view

A diagnosis that brought mortality into view gave the neuroscientist Ralph Adolphs this perspective on his own lifeline: where he is, how much time is left, and how to spend it on worthwhile things. It led him to sign up for a hundred-mile ultramarathon and to push through the joint pain and fatigue of his treatment. Gratitude, acceptance, and awe, emotions that largely belong to humans, filled the space left by the first fear and sadness.

How does the brain build a world model?

Physicist and physician Hermann von Helmholtz argued in the 1860s that perception is a kind of unconscious inference, in which the brain infers the likely causes of its sensory signals. Modern predictive processing theories extend the idea, proposing that the brain keeps a model of the world and updates it using prediction errors. Visual illusions are often cited as evidence because the brain fills in details that are not in the signal. The retina captures only a narrow patch of sharp detail at any moment, and the brain assembles the rest.

How do people respond to reminders of mortality?

Terror management theory, developed by Jeff Greenberg, Tom Pyszczynski, and Sheldon Solomon in the 1980s, builds on Ernest Becker's 1973 book The Denial of Death. It holds that awareness of mortality shapes how people defend their beliefs and sense of meaning. In experiments, people reminded of their own death tended to favor those who share their worldview and to judge those who threaten it more harshly. The theory has been tested in hundreds of studies.

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